The module takes a practical perspective into maritime law matters developed by the Admiralty Court in England. It considers the jurisdiction of the admiralty court and the enforcement of maritime claims including arrest and freezing injunctions, maritime and statutory liens and limitation of liability. The module will then also look at wet maritime matters as illustrations of the enforcement of maritime claims.

Aims and Objectives
This is an introductory module to the LLM that has as its primary aim the acquisition of skills and knowledge that will enable students of international trade and maritime law to better appreciate and apply themselves in their studies. The module introduces students to some core concepts of common law, the role of public versus private international law and how Trade and Maritime law fit into a broader context of transnational commerce. As such the module focusses on current issues and developments impacting on trade and shipping. We look at the harmonisation of transnational commercial law including why it is necessary, how it is undertaken and when it can be said to have been achieved. We also look at topics that have given rise to debates among shipping practitioners and academics such as Brexit and Shipping, the modern phenomenon of autonomous ships and the demands and challenges and developments in modern logistics and shipping.

This module aims to apply the comparative and case study methodologies to examine the national and global legal, philosophical, historical and socio-political contexts of business law and commercial relationships and transactions. The comparative methodology enables students to investigate, identify and analyse issues across different jurisdictions and other differentiating factors. The case study method enables the investigation of contemporary events and provide multiple evidence for resolution of issues. It facilitates learning by using real examples to highlight the potential and actual effectiveness and limitations of commercial and business law principles and models. Case study exercises will be derived from recent legislation, case law and factual or hypothetical incidents. The module identifies and evaluates contemporary, technological, emergent and historical issues and the legal and other forces driving, shaping and challenging business law and the interaction of these forces and their relative effectiveness in national and transnational contexts. The module draws upon, where relevant, materials from UK and other jurisdictions and materials prepared by international institutions and non-governmental organisations. The explore broad questions such as: What are the public and private law sources of commercial and business law? What are the institutional, contextual, emergent and other challenges to commercial and business law in national and transnational contexts? What ideologies and philosophies influence business regulation? What are the legal principles for governing key business relationships? The module will combine elements of taught instruction and group discussion in weekly lectures and interactive seminars requiring students’ active participation in the whole group under guidance of the tutor. As part of a formative assessment process, students will be asked to make presentations in seminars and to undertake independent research. In addition, students will work independently on the summative assessment exercise. No pre-requisites or co-requisites are required.

This module is intended to provide students with an understanding of international human rights law and international human rights mechanisms. There is an explicit focus on how human rights apply during times of armed conflict and acute crisis, and the module is structured to ensure that students are exposed to the issues arising when human rights are applied in practice.

A key objective of this module is to ensure that students have a foundational understanding of the core principles of international human rights law, and an ability to apply human rights law in the context of conflict and acute crisis.


This module examines the concepts, theories and models of corporate responsibility and corporate social responsibility (CSR) and their implications and challenges for business law and practice. It examines the role of CSR in as a business strategy and public governance tool in the context of the social and environmental impacts of business activities that suggest interesting dimensions to the role of business in society. In this module you will examine the debates and doctrines of CSR in domestic and transnational environments and explore broad questions such as: What is CSR and what are the forms of corporate responsibility? What is the relationship between law and CSR, and can public and private laws facilitate CSR? Can CSR address regulatory and governance gaps in national and transnational jurisdictions?  What are the limits of international law in business regulation and can CSR fill gaps in international law? What is the status of a company? What is a stakeholder and what interest groups exist in a company? What is the role of social reporting? Can CSR be used as a development tool and for promoting socio-economic rights and sustainable development? The module reflects some degrees of comparative analysis and interdisciplinarity and case study exercises will also enable you to explore the approaches of different disciplines to CSR, including law, management, politics, philosophy, ethics and international relations. You will have an opportunity to discover the strengths and weaknesses of taking global, contextual and comparative approaches to CSR.

The module will combine elements of taught instruction and group discussion in weekly lectures and interactive tutorials requiring your active participation in the whole group under guidance of the tutor. As part of a formative assessment process, you may be asked to make presentations in seminars and to undertake exercises on Moodle. In addition, you will work independently on the summative assessment exercise. No pre-requisites or co-requisites are required.

This module examines the concepts, theories, rules, models and principles of Conflict of Laws as they relate to commercial relationships, transactions and disputes. Focusing on litigation, it considers relevant international conventions, regional instruments, model laws, legal guides, restatements of law, national law and other sources of rules and principles governing transborder commercial relationships, transactions and disputes. It then investigates how Conflict of Laws has developed to balance international or transnational commercial concerns with national approaches in determining appropriate jurisdiction and choice of law and in recognising and enforcing foreign judgments.  

The module critically examines theoretical debates and doctrines of Conflict of Laws in the light of existing transnational and national approaches and practical cases. It draws on materials and practices from different national jurisdictions and international or transnational institutions and reflects some degrees of comparative analysis. No pre-requisites or co-requisites are required.